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For half a century, scientists have been researching ways to solve the black hole information paradox, the idea that when a black hole is evaporated by Hawking radiation, the information inside disappears, violating the laws of quantum physics.
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A new study hypothesizes that the extra dimension of spacetime creates a particular twisting field that could prevent the black hole from completely evaporating, leaving behind a remnant that preserves lost information.
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Traces of this twisting field geometry can be found throughout the universe, whether in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) or gravitational waves.
After about 10,000 trillion years, the universe will enter the era of “black holes.” This is a dark age where there is no matter other than gigantic behemoths from which light cannot escape. However, over time, these cosmic monsters will evaporate into nothingness due to the relentless influence of Hawking radiation, 10 to 1 Google years after the Big Bang.
There’s just one problem. Quantum physics provides information such as: can’t do it So the question is: Where is everything that fell into the last black-eyed sentinel in existence? This conundrum is known as the “black hole information paradox,” and physicists have been grappling with this cosmic contradiction for the past half century, ever since British astrophysicist Stephen Hawking first proposed it. Scientists have come up with a dizzying array of solutions to this paradox, including everything from a multiverse to simply denying that the paradox exists. can destroyed).
Now, a new study has been published in a journal. general relativity and gravity A new and fascinating hypothesis is added to this long list of ideas. Perhaps we just need a few more dimensions, three more to be exact, the authors claim.
“We experience three dimensions of space and one dimension of time, for a total of four dimensions,” study co-author Richard Pinchak of the Institute of Experimental Physics at the Slovak Academy of Sciences told Live Science. “Our model suggests that there are actually seven dimensions in the universe. In addition to the four we know, there are three small extra dimensions that are so densely packed that we cannot directly perceive them.”
In this hypothesis, these additional dimensions align in a torsion field (explaining how spacetime is curved in both) and twist) is generated by a structure known as a G2 manifold. When a black hole reaches the end of its life and continually leaks Hawking radiation over trillions of years, this twisting field generated by the geometric twisting of spacetime essentially stops the process in its place. At this point, the black hole is surprisingly small, about 10 billion times smaller than an electron, but the authors argue that it is still large enough to store indefinitely all the information that has ever fallen into it (about 1.515 x 1077 qubits of information), effectively resolving the information paradox.
Interestingly, this theory also solves the mass hierarchy problem in particle physics. Because the same geometric properties that save these black holes from oblivion also help explain the origin of the electroweak scale.
“The same torsional field…generates a potential energy landscape that is identical in shape to that responsible for giving mass to the W and Z bosons that carry the weak nuclear force,” Pinchak said. live science.
One big problem with this hypothesis is that it’s not always easy to prove. As the authors note, particles associated with these possible dimensions contain energy levels 11 orders of magnitude higher than those that can be produced by CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. However, it is possible that these seven-dimensional geometries left traces in the cosmic microwave background (CMB); stable black hole remnant It could be identified by gravitational waves.
For now, this dimensional explanation for the black hole paradox is one of many, but perhaps one day we will learn that the truth is more distorted than we ever knew.
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