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A diagram showing two black holes starting to collide. |Credit: MARK GARLICK/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY, Getty Images
Astronomers may have discovered a pair of extreme light-spewing black holes spiraling toward a giant collision. Its effects may be felt in the next century.
Astronomers used decades of radio telescope observations to study an ultra-bright object previously thought to be a blazar (the luminous core of a galaxy, usually driven by a black hole) about 500 million light-years from our solar system. This observation revealed a hidden jet of energy. This suggests that this extremely bright object is actually two black holes on the verge of colliding, perhaps within 100 years from now.
“We predict that one (merged) black hole will remain,” study co-author Silke BlitzenAstronomers at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy said: BBC Science Focus. “I’m very interested in how this ‘dance’ continues.”
The research results were published in the journal March 27th. Royal Astronomical Society Monthly Notices.
find two black holes
Blazers are part of it brightest object In space. These are classified as active galactic nuclei, typically powered by supermassive black holes, actively feeding objects at the center of galaxies, and typically firing jets of high-energy radiation. towards the earth. Usually, the source of this jet is a central black hole, but in the case of the blazar in galaxy Markarian 501, something didn’t quite match up.
For years, astronomers have used radio telescope data to observe different orientations of the jet, making it difficult to determine whether there really is a supermassive black hole at its center. To answer this question, researchers very long baseline arrayan international network of 10 radio telescopes.
The results revealed that instead of one large jet, a second jet was circling counterclockwise around the center of the blazer. The researchers believe that each of these jets is powered by a supermassive black hole that weighs between 100 million and 1 billion times the mass of the Sun.
“I noticed that [there] “The second jet was fantastic,” Blitzen told BBC Science Focus. I was so surprised and overwhelmed. And we wanted to share with you what we discovered. ”
In June 2022, the two black holes lined up so perfectly that the main black hole’s gravity bent the light emitted by the second jet into an almost perfect circle, known as a “circle.” einstein ring. Thanks to a phenomenon called gravitational lensing – a type of natural magnifying glass created by strong gravity – the discovery adds further evidence to the idea that the blazar is powered by a pair of supermassive black holes.
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“The Einstein ring confirms this scenario because these jets are aimed at us,” Blitzen said.
The two black holes are thought to orbit each other clockwise about every 121 days, a distance of only 250 to 540 times the distance between Earth and the Sun, making them relatively close in the world of astronomy. This distance gradually decreases until the two objects are joined.
Researchers believe that when the doomed black holes inevitably collide, they will emit gravitational waves – ripples in the fabric of space-time caused by the most violent events in the universe – that could be more powerful than waves from black hole mergers studied so far. If so, gravitational wave detectors on Earth would pick up the signal, providing new clues about the nature of the original black hole pair.
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